Mercurial > hg > anonet-resdb
annotate doc/www.anonet2.org/public_pod/faq.pod @ 237:827a4f3cb6af draft
Merge branch 'master' of git://1.0.49.10
| author | pragmo <pragmo@pragmo.ano> |
|---|---|
| date | Thu, 28 Oct 2010 19:52:50 +0000 |
| parents | bb91561cd116 |
| children | 7a03e4246e93 |
| rev | line source |
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| 54 | 1 =head1 AnoNet2 FAQ |
| 2 | |
| 3 Back to homepage - L<http://www.anonet2.org/> | |
| 4 | |
| 5 =head2 Resources | |
| 6 | |
| 7 =over | |
| 8 | |
| 9 =item Why do you use 1.0.0.0/8? It's been assigned to APNIC. You should use private (RFC1918) address space like 10.0.0.0/8. | |
| 10 | |
| 57 | 11 AnoNet is a public network, and as such it should use public address |
| 12 space. ICANN (a private corporation) controls the public resources on | |
| 13 the IcannNet (a.k.a. the "public" Internet), and has delegated 1.0.0.0/8 | |
| 14 on the IcannNet to APNIC. AnoNet is a separate public network, that | |
| 15 doesn't answer to ICANN (nor to anybody else, for that matter). Now, | |
| 16 that said, when AnoNet started using 1.0.0.0/8 it was reserved (i.e., | |
| 17 not to be allocated), but because of ICANN's mismanagement of the IPv4 | |
| 18 address space (which is why nearly all 4 billion addresses have already | |
| 19 been assigned, in a world with only 6 billion total people, including all | |
| 20 the starving babies in Africa who don't even know yet what a computer is), | |
| 21 ICANN had to take 1.0.0.0/8 out of its "reserved" pool and to put it into | |
| 22 the "assignable" pool. AnoNet has no control over ICANN policy, so while | |
| 23 AnoNet did attempt to avoid directly conflicting with IcannNet addresses, | |
| 24 ICANN ultimately made sure that attempt would fail. (If you'd like to | |
| 25 connect to an internet with address space that's still in the ICANN | |
| 26 "reserved" pool, you may want to try VAnet.) Using private address | |
| 27 space is inappropriate for a public network, per RFC1918. (If you'd | |
| 28 like to connect to an internet that uses private address space anyway, | |
| 29 you may want to try dn42 at L<http://www.dn42.net/>.) | |
| 54 | 30 |
| 115 | 31 =item ICANN isn't mismanaging the IPv4-space. IcannNet usage is just exploding faster than anybody ever predicted. |
| 32 | |
| 33 L<http://www.networkworld.com/news/2010/081610-5billion-devices-internet.html> | |
| 34 claims that the IcannNet only has about 5 billion total devices, of which | |
| 35 only about 1 billion "regularly connect" (PCs, laptops, etc.). There are | |
| 36 plenty of possible addressing schemes that could accomodate a billion | |
| 37 "regularly connecting" devices with an address space quadruple the size. | |
| 38 ICANN clearly isn't using any of them. By any sane technical definition, | |
| 39 that would certainly qualify as "mismanagement." | |
| 40 | |
| 54 | 41 =item If you use 1.0.0.0/8, you're squatting on somebody else's resources. |
| 42 | |
| 57 | 43 If you use 1.0.0.0/8 on the IcannNet, then your statement is correct, |
| 58 | 44 but AnoNet and IcannNet are two totally separate public internets, |
| 57 | 45 so it's ridiculous to accuse a participant in one to be squatting |
| 46 on resources on the other. ICANN has no divine right to 1.0.0.0/8 | |
| 47 (nor to any other netblock, for that matter) outside the IcannNet. | |
| 48 Moreover, using 10.0.0.0/8 I<would> be squatting on private address | |
| 49 space (address space that's reserved for your own home network), | |
| 50 per RFC1918. (While AnoNet couldn't care less about ICANN, we do use | |
| 51 the IETF protocols (with s/IcannNet/AnoNet/), so if the IETF says that | |
| 52 10.0.0.0/8 is reserved for your own home network, far be it from us to | |
| 53 steal it for some "public" network.) | |
| 54 | 54 |
| 55 =item AnoNet runs on the IcannNet. Therefore, you _are_ squatting. | |
| 56 | |
| 57 | 57 That last accusation has no logical basis. Just because most AnoNet |
| 58 links are tunneled over the IcannNet doesn't give ICANN a right to rule | |
| 115 | 59 the content of those tunnels. (In almost exactly the same way, just |
| 60 because most IcannNet links move over telecom equipment doesn't give the | |
| 61 ITU a right to rule the content of those links.) In fact, ICANN itself | |
| 62 will happily confirm that it has neither authority nor ambition to rule | |
| 63 the content of IcannNet communications between endpoints, inclusive of | |
| 64 AnoNet tunnels. Therefore, even if you buy the logical validity of your | |
| 65 claim, ICANN will still shoot it down. | |
| 54 | 66 |
| 67 =item You should move to IPv6, then. | |
| 68 | |
| 115 | 69 That's not the only logical conclusion, based on the above. However, AnoNet has no rules, so you're more than welcome to move to IPv6, and/or to try to convince others to do the same. As long as you don't start out with unrealistic expectations, you probably won't be disappointed with the results of your preaching effort. [Update: It appears that IPv6 may have some deployment on AnoNet, now. (Maybe somebody read the above as a challenge and decided to run with it.) Perhaps the guys using it will fill in some details here.] |
| 54 | 70 |
| 71 =back | |
| 72 | |
| 73 =head2 Peering | |
| 74 | |
| 75 =over | |
| 76 | |
| 77 =item What is peering all about? | |
| 78 | |
| 187 | 79 AnoNet is an internet. An internet means an internetwork, or a |
| 80 network that connects between networks. An internetwork is normally | |
| 81 constructed by making links between the different networks, and then | |
| 82 carrying internetwork traffic along those links. (If network A has | |
| 83 a link to network B, then traffic from A to B or from B to A should | |
| 84 probably pass through that link.) Such a link is called a "peering," | |
| 85 and the two sides of that link are called "peers." On the IcannNet, | |
| 86 peerings are normally done over leased lines, but due to the nature of | |
| 87 AnoNet, using leased lines isn't much of an option for most peerings. | |
| 88 Therefore, most peerings are done over tunnels on the IcannNet. | |
| 89 The most common software for AnoNet tunnels is OpenVPN, although | |
| 90 tinc and L<quicktun|http://wiki.qontrol.nl/QuickTun> are also used. | |
| 57 | 91 (tinc in particular deserves special attention: it can create a mesh |
| 92 between participants, sacrificing anonymity to achieve lower latency.) | |
| 54 | 93 |
| 94 =item Whom should I peer with? | |
| 95 | |
| 57 | 96 If you want to protect your anonymity, you'll want to peer with only |
| 97 a few others. If you're more interested in getting good latency, | |
| 98 you'll want a more promiscuous peering policy. Your peers are able to | |
| 99 access certain information (like your IP) that isn't easy for others | |
| 100 to access, so the harm in having too many peers is that the secrecy of | |
| 101 that information is protected by the "weakest" link. (The greater the | |
| 102 number of people who know a secret, the greater the number of people | |
| 103 who are likely to hear about it within a given time interval.) | |
| 54 | 104 |
| 105 =item How can I talk to the rest of AnoNet, if I'm only peered with a few others? | |
| 106 | |
| 57 | 107 How can you talk to Google, if you're only hooked up to your local ISP? |
| 108 The answer is that your ISP offers you "transit" to its peers, which | |
| 109 in turn offer your ISP transit to their peers, etc. (If network A is | |
| 110 connected to network B, which itself is connected to network C, then | |
| 111 with B's permission network A can talk to network C.) On AnoNet, most | |
| 112 peerings have BGP sessions managing the routing tables on both sides, | |
| 113 in order to provide mutual transit. (On AnoNet, providing transit is | |
| 114 an advantage, since it improves your own anonymity.) | |
| 54 | 115 |
| 116 =item Won't providing transit slow down my Internet connection? | |
| 117 | |
| 57 | 118 If you're the preferred transit provider between two guys who feel |
| 119 like streaming a whole ton of real-time studio-quality video back and | |
| 120 forth all day, that can certainly slow down (to put it mildly) your | |
| 121 dial-up connection. In reality, most traffic on AnoNet is plain text, | |
| 122 so you probably don't have too much to worry about, especially if you | |
| 123 have some sort of broadband connection. That said, if it ever _does_ | |
| 124 become an issue, all you have to do is stop providing transit (although | |
| 125 the particular case above is unlikely to persist even if you do nothing | |
| 126 at all, since the two streaming guys will quickly figure out that going | |
| 127 through you won't get them anywhere, and they'll most likely seek another | |
| 128 transit provider - or even just peer with each other directly), or use | |
| 129 simple BGP tricks to make transit through you less attractive to some | |
| 130 or all of the AnoNet. | |
| 54 | 131 |
| 132 =back | |
| 133 | |
| 134 =head2 DNS | |
| 135 | |
| 136 =over | |
| 137 | |
| 138 =item How is DNS handled on AnoNet? | |
| 139 | |
| 57 | 140 AnoNet has a number of TLDs (Top-Level Domains), the most interesting |
| 141 one being .ano. The entire zone is public (unlike, say, the .com zone | |
| 142 on the IcannNet), so you can easily deploy your own TLD nameservers. | |
| 143 In fact, the git resdb already includes scripts to generate both | |
| 144 tinydns and BIND zonefiles automatically. That said, SRN has public | |
| 145 root and TLD nameservers, if you don't feel like setting up your own. | |
| 146 SRN also has a public recursive resolver (which also resolves IcannNet | |
| 147 names), which you can use if you can't even be bothered to set up your | |
| 148 own recursive resolver. Please note that you're telling SRN about all | |
| 149 hostnames that you lookup if you do this. (Right now, you're probably | |
| 150 telling your ISP the same information, BTW.) | |
| 54 | 151 |
| 152 =item I want my own domain. How can I set it up? | |
| 153 | |
| 57 | 154 You have a number of options, depending on (a) your current |
| 155 infrastructure, and (b) your interest/ability to deploy additional | |
| 156 infrastructure. The resource database is just a whole bunch of | |
| 157 directories/files stored in a git repository, so adding a domain into | |
| 158 "AnoNet" essentially boils down to adding the right files/directories into | |
| 159 everybody's git repository. (Fortunately, most guys send and receive | |
| 160 updates among themselves on a regular basis, so your new domain should | |
| 161 "propagate" around rather quickly, once it's made its way into one | |
| 162 repository.) If you have git, you can "git clone" the repository from | |
| 163 someone, add your domain (there's a small script to make the job easy, | |
| 164 if you don't want to do it by hand), and then send someone a diff. | |
| 165 If you feel like setting up your own git server, then all you have to | |
| 166 do is make the changes on your own repo, and then tell somebody the URL | |
| 167 to your git server. You'll probably want to take advantage of the same | |
| 168 opportunity to add your own git URL into the resource database, so others | |
| 169 can pull from you on a regular basis. If you don't have git and don't | |
| 170 feel like setting it up, all you have to do is find someone else who | |
| 171 does have git (or feels like setting it up), and doesn't mind making | |
| 172 the changes for you. SRN is always such a "someone." Next, you'll | |
| 173 want to set up your nameservers to resolve names within your domain. | |
| 174 If you have tinydns or BIND, just read the relevant documentation. | |
| 175 If you don't have a nameserver and don't feel like setting one up, tell | |
| 176 SRN what names you want (like "www.yourdomain.ano," "ftp.yourdomain.ano," | |
| 177 etc.), and he'll add them into his own nameservers. | |
| 54 | 178 |
| 179 =item What can I do with my own domain? | |
| 180 | |
| 57 | 181 You can host Web pages, an FTP site, IRC, email, an online shop (but |
| 115 | 182 taking payments may not be so simple), or anything else that strikes |
| 57 | 183 your fancy. |
| 54 | 184 |
| 185 =back | |
| 186 | |
| 187 =head2 Censorship | |
| 188 | |
| 189 =over | |
| 190 | |
| 191 =item Is it safe to speak my mind on AnoNet? | |
| 192 | |
| 57 | 193 The short answer is "probably." The long answer is that nobody has |
| 194 ever been censored on AnoNet2, a fact that's not likely to change. | |
| 195 (If that fact ever does change, it'll be noted here as soon as possible.) | |
| 54 | 196 |
| 197 =item Will I be censored for child porn? | |
| 198 | |
| 57 | 199 AnoNet1 has an official policy against CP, and it redefines "censorship" |
| 200 to not include censoring CP. AnoNet2 has no policies. That said, | |
| 201 you're not likely to find any CP here, since that's simply not a common | |
| 202 contribution to AnoNet2. (Whether or not it'd be a welcome contribution | |
| 203 is something you'll want to take up with individual participants. | |
| 204 SRN would like you to know that he believes the CP (and porn, in general) | |
| 205 industry destroys the world for no useful purpose. Nobody else has | |
| 206 voiced an opinion here.) | |
| 54 | 207 |
| 208 =item Will I be censored for hateful speech? | |
| 209 | |
| 57 | 210 It depends on the forum. If you do it on your own server, don't expect |
| 211 too many people to hang around there if you make a practice of making | |
| 212 it unpleasant for them to be there. If you start cursing people out on | |
| 213 somebody else's IRC server for no apparent reason, there's a non-trivial | |
| 214 chance that the operator will /kill your connection. SRN encourages | |
| 215 you to set up your own channel on irc.somerandomnick.ano, and to say | |
| 216 whatever the heck you want there. | |
| 54 | 217 |
| 218 =item Will I be censored for trolling? | |
| 219 | |
| 57 | 220 Since "trolling" is an overly ambiguous term, it's highly unlikely that |
| 221 you'll ever get /kicked or /killed for doing it. In fact, SRN encourages | |
| 222 you to see if you can out-troll him on irc.somerandomnick.ano. That said, | |
| 223 you should certainly expect people to /ignore you if you make a practice | |
| 224 of saying stuff that people really don't want to hear. (You may want to | |
| 225 create a separate IRC nick for trolling, if you anticipate trolling a lot, | |
| 226 but want people to still hear you when you have something interesting | |
| 227 to say: this way, everybody wins.) | |
| 54 | 228 |
| 229 =item Will I be censored for spreading lies? | |
| 230 | |
| 57 | 231 not likely, but people may /ignore you if you make a practice of saying |
| 232 stuff that people don't consider worth hearing | |
| 54 | 233 |
| 234 =back | |
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235 |
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236 =head2 AnoNet1 vs. AnoNet2 |
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237 |
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238 =over |
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239 |
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240 =item Why does AnoNet2 exist? What's wrong with AnoNet1? |
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241 |
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242 There used to be only one AnoNet. Unfortunately, a few bad apples (who |
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243 happen to be the guys who control AnoNet1) split AnoNet by forcing a part |
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244 of AnoNet to become disconnected from the rest of AnoNet. That piece |
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245 (AnoNet2) has been steadily growing, while "the rest" (AnoNet1) has been |
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246 slowly decaying. |
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247 |
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248 =item Is AnoNet1 dead, then? |
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249 |
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250 AnoNet1 is far from dead. In fact, it still has roughly twice the |
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251 user-base of AnoNet2. However, AnoNet2 has more services online, at this |
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252 stage. (Most of the old AnoNet1 services are long defunct, by now, as |
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253 are many of its users.) AnoNet2 has also been experiencing rather solid |
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254 sustained growth, while the AnoNet1 population growth is mostly flat. |
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255 |
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256 =item What's the difference between AnoNet1 and AnoNet2, then? |
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257 |
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258 AnoNet2 lost peering with AnoNet1 because AnoNet1 is too centralized |
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259 to avoid censorship. AnoNet2, therefore, is essentially a reboot of |
| 115 | 260 AnoNet1, while paying careful attention to preventing another AnoNet split |
| 261 from ever being necessary. (The irony, of course, is that the level of | |
| 262 decentralization engineered into AnoNet2 makes it trivial for anyone in | |
| 263 AnoNet2 to split it. Such a split doesn't happen simply because "the | |
| 264 management" hasn't done anything stupid enough to make one necessary.) | |
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265 |
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266 =item Who's "the management" in AnoNet2? What prevents it from becoming evil when AnoNet2 grows closer to the size of AnoNet1? |
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267 |
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268 AnoNet2 (like AnoNet1) has no official government. Unlike AnoNet1, |
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269 though, AnoNet2's technical construction is such that the unofficial |
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270 government members (primarily UFO and SRN, at this point) don't have |
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271 enough power to force their way (not to mention that they don't really |
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272 _want_ to force their way, anyway). A recent practical example of |
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273 this anarchy appears to be IPv6: SRN has made no secret of his strong |
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274 opposition to IPv6, but that doesn't seem to be stopping an enterprising |
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275 new AnoNet2 user from deploying it himself and even soliciting support |
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276 from others, even after "the management" (both UFO and SRN) flatly |
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277 refused to participate. |
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278 |
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279 =item Why don't AnoNet1 and AnoNet2 merge again? |
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280 |
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281 The short answer is that a number of people have tried to do just that, |
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282 but AnoNet1 has adopted an exclusionary policy towards AnoNet2, for some |
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283 unspecified reason. You get bonus points if you can figure out what that |
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284 reason is. (AnoNet2 has been very careful to avoid collisions in resource |
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285 allocations with AnoNet1, even though AnoNet1 has deliberately removed |
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286 its own record of AnoNet2 resources in a recent "cleanup" of the DNS. |
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287 If AnoNet1 ever decides to reconnect with AnoNet2, no technical problems |
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288 should result.) |
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289 |
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290 =item Why does AnoNet2 filter advertisements to AnoNet1? Doesn't that prevent the two darknets from ever merging again? |
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291 |
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292 AnoNet1 has deemed the filters necessary, for some unspecified reason. |
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293 (Advertising AnoNet2 routes on AnoNet1 is a great way to get yourself |
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294 kicked from AnoNet1.) Again, you get bonus points if you can figure out |
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295 what that reason is. (Hint: crzydmnd and risc likely know the reason, |
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296 but good luck getting them to spill the beans. Censoring the question |
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297 seems to be their favorite "answer.") Suffice it to say that if AnoNet1 |
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298 wanted to merge with AnoNet2, AnoNet2 wouldn't object. |
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299 |
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300 =item Do I have to choose between AnoNet1 and AnoNet2, or is there a way to join both? |
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301 |
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302 There's no need to choose one or the other. As long as you don't |
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303 advertise AnoNet2 routes into AnoNet1, you should be fine: their Salem |
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304 witch hunt against "dual citizens" seems to have died off by now. |
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305 If you're currently getting to AnoNet1 through the official AnoNet1 CP |
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306 (run by Kaos), simply switch to UFO's CP, and you'll automatically be |
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307 connected to both, so you can check them both out and figure out at your |
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308 own pace what you want to do. |
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309 |
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310 =item Which darknet preserves my anonymity better, AnoNet1 or AnoNet2? |
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311 |
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312 Well, AnoNet1 has stricter rules (and more centralization, as a |
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313 prerequisite to rule enforcement), so as long as you trust "the powers |
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314 that be" to preserve your anonymity, you get better anonymity guarantees. |
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315 However, your anonymity faces significant risk if any member of the |
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316 AnoNet1 "government" (which doesn't even admit who's who) betrays your |
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317 trust. (That risk isn't so far-fetched, incidentally, since any type |
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318 of law enforcement "sting-type" operation against one of those guys is |
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319 likely to compromise his guarantees, even through no malice on his part. |
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320 Now, since malice has already been observed, the guarantees become even |
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321 less reliable.) The AnoNet2 rules have more room for flexibility, |
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322 since centralized police authority is not available on AnoNet2. |
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323 Therefore, your anonymity guarantees are somewhat weaker, but far more |
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324 likely to be reliable. You also have better theoretical anonymity on |
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325 AnoNet2, because marking a subnet "reserved" on AnoNet1 no longer works. |
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326 ("The management" is too nosy, and threatens disconnection against anyone |
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327 who doesn't provide requested information.) |
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328 |
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329 =item Where, then, am I more anonymous? |
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330 |
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331 In the real world, AnoNet2 anonymity wins, hands down. (On AnoNet1, |
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332 any Easystreet network administrator can easily correlate IcannNet IP |
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333 addresses with CP IP addresses and IRC nicks, allowing him to reliably |
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334 learn the identity of all new AnoNet1 members. AnoNet2 has many different |
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335 ways of joining, including one rather interesting tor-based approach |
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336 recently demonstrated, where the user never showed his IcannNet IP |
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337 address to anyone on AnoNet2.) |
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338 |
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339 =item How can I learn more about AnoNet1 vs. AnoNet2? |
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340 |
| 115 | 341 L<http://www.anonet2.org/darknet_comparison> gives a basic comparison. |
| 342 If you want more in-depth information about the relative anonymity value | |
| 343 of each, L<http://www.anonet2.org/anonymity> may be what you're after. | |
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344 |
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345 =back |
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346 |
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347 =head2 AnoNet vs. IcannNet |
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348 |
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349 =over |
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350 |
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351 =item What's IcannNet??? |
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352 |
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353 IcannNet is the internet (mis)managed by ICANN. It's what most people |
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354 call "the" Internet. |
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355 |
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356 =item What's wrong with IcannNet? |
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357 |
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358 The short answer is that ICANN is very highly centralized, resulting |
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359 in centralized decision-making (and centralized lobbying, arm-twisting, |
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360 etc.). |
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361 |
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362 =item Does AnoNet really aim to replace IcannNet? |
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363 |
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364 Yes, the long-term goal behind AnoNet is to render IcannNet obsolete. |
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365 In the short-term, though, it'd be highly unlikely for IcannNet to |
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366 disappear even in the hypothetical case where everyone were to move to |
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367 AnoNet tomorrow, since the overwhelming majority of AnoNet peering is |
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368 tunneled over IcannNet. |
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369 |
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370 =back |